Even some 30 years ago, osteochondrosis was especially associated with elderly people, whose joints become inactive and hurt with every movement. However, times have changed. Today, moreMore and more people are turning to hard manual labor for sedentary work on computers, monitoring less and less nutritional quality, and more and more often experiencing osteochondrosis of the cervical spine. It is nothing that osteochondrosisCalled "disease of the century", and almost every person who has reached the age of 25 suffers symptoms of the disease.
This insidious disease, which starts with unpleasant pain in the neck area, gives very serious consequences in the form of very early hearing and vision defects, as well as memory loss until its complete loss. That is why everyone should know the causes of osteochondrosis. Should and in case of unpleasant symptoms of the disease should consult the doctor in time. We will talk about them in this article.
due to cervical osteochondrosis
Ironically, all of our problems with the cervical spine begin in early childhood, or in elementary school, where the child's posture deteriorates and scoliosis develops. It is at this time that the spine is supported by the head. For the system is disrupted, in particular, by its thinnest and weakest part - the cervix. The second main factor in cervical osteochondrosis, which arises in early childhood, is insufficient physical fitness, in particular, of the spinal muscles. Weakness and the so-called muscle corset which is designed to support the spine.
These are the two most important causes of the disease. All the rest are heavy burden on the weak spine, which stimulates the development of the disease in very young and healthy people. First of all, these include a sedentary lifestyle and lack of physical activity. , In particular, work, which is associated with prolonged stay in one position. This is most typical for drivers and office personnel who sit in shifts at the computer. All this is supplemented by excess body weight, Which seriously increases the load on the spine.
Other causes of cervical osteochondrosis are:
- posterior spine injury;
- metabolic disorders;
- hereditary tendency;
- great physical activity;
- Chronic nervous tension and tension;
- cervical spine anomalies;
- Bad habits (holding handset with your ears and shoulders).
development of osteochondrosis
These adverse factors eventually lead to an increase in weight on the cervical spine. When trying to compensate for the excessive weight on the neck muscles, they cause cramps, which impede blood circulation and metabolic processes in the region. This all leads to the development of degenerative processes in the spine. First, the vertebrae begin to squeeze, thin, and extrude their contents (annulus fibroses) outside the spinal cord. The language of doctorsThis type of protrusion is called as protrusion.
In the case of protrusion, the annulus fibros still retains its integrity, but the protrusion is already squeezing the blood vessels and nerves that run along the spinal column and feed to the brain. , Altered and deformed vertebrae begin to squeeze the roots of the peripheral nerves, leading to the development of the so-called "radicular syndrome", which manifests as severe pain in the back and neck. If you do not identify a problem (Which will indicate unpleasant symptoms) and do not start treating osteochondrosis, the fibrous ring will rupture and a spinal hernia will appear. In this case, there will be serious problems with the nutrition of the brain.
symptoms of cervical osteochondrosis
In its development, the disease goes through several stages, each with signs and symptoms. It should be noted that osteochondrosis of the cervical spine differs from degenerative changes in other parts of the spine. The distance here is minimal, and therefore even small degenerative changes cause unpleasant symptoms and lead to various complications.
1. Degree I Osteochondrosis
This is the preclinical phase of the development of the disease, in which the patient experiences mild pain and discomfort while turning the head, as well as neck and back while staying in the same position (in a seated position) for a long time. There is tension and rapid fatigue. At this stage, osteochondrosis is completely treated by lifestyle changes, nutritional adjustments and regular exercise.
2. Degree II Osteochondrosis
At this stage, there is instability between the vertebrae in the neck. In this case a person suffers intense pain that extends to the shoulder, neck, or arm. During the bending or turning of the head, the pain is considerable. Increases, because, as the distance between the vertebrae decreases, the nerve endings begin to become impaired. The patient quickly becomes tired, his performance is reduced, distraction, amnesia appears, andHe suffers from headache.
3. Degree III Osteochondrosis
With the onset of the third stage of the disease, back and neck pain becomes even stronger, neck mobility decreases significantly, and when the neck is twisted, spasm of the vertebrae can be heard. In, the patient's fingers begin to numb (mainly the little finger and ring finger), which is why the person wakes up several times a night. During the day, such patients have an unpleasant heaviness in their hands. That a short conversation on the phone, in which a person is forced to keep a mobile near the ear, turns into an unpleasant tingling and numbness in the fingers. All this indicates an increase in protrusion, and possibly in the cervical spine. There is the presence of a hernia.
4. Degree IV osteochondrosis
In the final stages of the disease, the vertebral discs are destroyed, which cease to perform their functions and are replaced by connective tissue. In this situation a patient experiences movement, noise and throbbing in the ears. You may experience a decrease in coordination with the pulsation, a headache may intensify, visual acuity and hearing loss. In some cases, tongue numbness may occur.
It should be said here that blood flow to the brain is obstructed due to compression of blood vessels. Because of this, the patient develops neurotic disorders such as insomnia, nervousness, irritability and resentment, frequent mood swings and inability to concentrate. From time to time, there may be outbreaks of anger or fear, sadness and depression may attack.
In later stages of osteochondrosis development, severe vascular cramps may be the presence of "flies" in front of the eyes, a feeling of instability on a hard flat surface, severe dizziness, migraine, nausea, vomiting and persistent fainting.
Diagnosis
In order to identify the cause of the pathology, the patient describes to the doctor the unpleasant symptoms of his condition. After listening to the patient, the specialist sends him to one of the following research methods.
1. Radiography. Currently, this diagnostic method is considered to be non-invasive, especially in the late stages of the development of the disease.
2. Ultrasonic duplex scanning. This method is used in cases where a specialist considers a violation of blood flow in the arteries that provide nutrition to the brain. The study shows and determines the speed of blood flow. Whether there are obstacles in its path.
3. CT (computed tomography). This method is more informative than with radiography, as it not only reveals the problem, but allows you to determine the presence and size of hernias, which would cause difficulty. is.
4. MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging). The most informative method for the diagnosis of osteochondrosis today, which allows you to see the presence of bone structures, hernias, and even the direction of their development.
treatment of osteochondrosis
Let us immediately say that to deal with a serious problem like osteochondrosis of the cervical spine, you should contact a neurologist. True, if there is a vertebologist in the clinic, it is better to contact him first.
Osteochondrosis can only be treated in a complex way. The complex of applied methods includes drug therapy, neck-collar zone massage, exercise therapy, physiotherapy methods, as well as proper nutrition. All of these methods only combineWill help in dealing with the disease and normalizing the well being of the patient.
help for severe pain
In case of severe pain, doctors recommend taking medicines like analgesin, baralagin or templagin. When these medicines no longer provide relief, you can switch to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
In a general sense, drug therapy involves the following means:
- NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). These measures eliminate pain, relieve inflammation and deal with inflammation of nerve roots.
- Chondroprotectors. Such drugs completely restore damaged cartilage tissue.
- Group B vitamins. They are necessary to improve metabolic processes in nervous tissues.
- Muscle relaxants. These drugs work to reduce muscle spasms.
- Preparations that improve the rheological properties of the blood. Thanks to such means, oxygen and nutrient supply improves at the brain and nerve endings.
It should be noted here that it is possible to achieve a tangible effect in the fight against osteochondrosis, treatment with drugs only with the help of ointments and pills is combined with other methods of therapy. Otherwise, only one of the drugsThere will be a temporary effect.
Many experts treat osteochondrosis with injections to act quickly on the nerve endings and protect the patient from possible side effects when taking the pills. However, vitamins are best taken orally because of the intake of vitamins. Any methods are well absorbed by the body, but injections with them can be painful.
physiotherapy treatment
Treatment with drugs should be combined with physiotherapy methods. The most effective for this disease are:
- electrophoresis (in combination with drugs). In this case, the drugs enter the damaged vertebrae under the influence of an electric current.
- Ultrasound. This method of exposure allows you to relieve the inflammatory process, relieve pain and improve metabolic processes in tissues.
- Magnetotherapy. Such physiotherapy relieves puffiness and pain.
- Laser therapy. It is an excellent way of fighting inflammation and improves blood circulation.
Diet for osteochondrosis
Reconstruction of the affected vertebrae also includes a special diet that normalizes metabolic processes in the body, inhibits salt deposition, nourishes and restores cartilage tissue, and also strengthens ligaments between vertebral discs. Does.
To achieve this, first, the following should be excluded from the patient's diet:
- alcoholic beverages;
- fatty and fried foods;
- Spicy and very salty foods;
- strong broth;
- weak and cooked goods;
- strong tea and coffee;
- pickles and marinades;
- Canned Products.
The diet of a patient with osteochondrosis should include the following foods:
- lean meat and fish;
- low-fat milk, cheese, and kefir;
- butter (small amount);
- Whole Grains and Soups;
- aspic from jelly meat, fish or beef;
- Vegetables, fruits and berries;
- Juices, fruit drinks, jelly and manure.
When osteochondrosis is localized in the cervical spine, it is important to follow the drinking regime, drinking at least 1. 5 liters of water per day. If you are overweight, you should think that thoseHow to get rid of excess pounds, which puts extra strain on the spine. It is advisable to switch to food in small portions 5 times a day.
At the same time, as can be seen from the list of permissible foods, the basis of food should be low-fat vegetarian soups, boiled lean meats, fish, seafood, unsweetened vegetables and fruits.
A sample menu for the day would look like this:
- Breakfast: cheese, a couple of apples, tea without sugar;
- Lunch: cooked pears, some oatmeal cookies;
- Lunch: Vegetarian salad, boiled chicken with vegetable salad;
- Lunch: Dried biscuits and fruit juice;
- Dinner: Cooked fish without vegetables and tea.
exercise therapy for osteochondrosis
Physical education produces tremendous results in the treatment of osteochondrosis, although it is possible to do gymnastics only for the cervical spine during the recovery period. It is important that the patient does not experience discomfort and pain in the process of massage or gymnastics. .
Here are some of the most effective exercise exercises aimed at strengthening neck muscles and improving blood circulation in the region.
Exercise # 1
Lying on your stomach and resting your hands on the floor, slowly lift your head and torso up so that your hands are straight. Hold this position for 1 minute, then return to the starting position. The element is repeated 2-3 times.
Exercise # 2
Lying on your stomach and spreading your arms along your body, raise your head slightly and start turning it to the right side of your ear. Try to touch the floor with, and then to the left. Make 6 turns in each direction.
Exercise # 3
As you exhale, sit on the floor, lean forward, try to reach your chest with your chin, and as you breathe. Let go, return to the starting position and tilt your head back. Repeat the element 10-15 times.
Exercise # 4
Place your palms on your forehead and try to press harder on your head. At the same time, while straining your neck muscles, Resist your arms, do not allow your head to tilt. Hold the pressure for 20-30 seconds, then lower your arms and relax. Repeat the element 2-3 times, and then back the head in the opposite direction. Repeat the exercise with the brought hands.
Exercise # 5
Slowly turn your head to the right and left, try to look behind your back. Do 10 turns on each side.