Arthrosis - Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

You all need to know about arthrosis - its reasons, signs, strands and clinical methods - will help detect the disease in early stages. And the methods of effective treatment will allow you to get rid of this disease. Arthrosis is characterized by people over 40 years of age. However, in recent decades, fair statistics show that the tendency to rejuvenate men and women between the age of 30–35 years have suffered.

What is arthrosis?

Arthrosis is a chronic joint disease with pathological changes in hyalin cartilage, and later in adjacent tissues, opens a joint capsule and a synonym. The necklace is distrophic and degenerative in nature, which leads to a change in the structure of articular tissues, loss of their functionality. According to data from similar data, arthrosis is subject to 12% of the total population of the planet. From 62% to 65% of all episodes of the disease falls on people over 60 years of age. Another 30–35% cases of joint damage to this pathology are in patients aged 40–60 years. And about 3% of the youth are 20–40 years of age.

The risk of joint disease manifests from the fact that it is practically not perfectly correct. Although when diagnosing pathology in the initial stage of progress, it helps preserve the functionality of the joint.

Most often, cases of arthrosis lesions are diagnosed in such joints:Carpal joints;Cervical and lumbar spine;Knee joint;hip joint;Shoulder joint;ankle joint;Metatarsophalangeal combined.

The disease is more characteristic of the female population - representatives of half the population of the woman suffer from this deformity, which are more often older. Arthrosis of interface joint is 10 times more often than male population in women.

Possible results of arthrosis

With timely treatment, the disease manifests with less developmental intensity and, as a result, a stop of degenerative and distrophic changes. This means that timely surgical or therapeutic intervention allows you to maintain the functionality of the joint, general moves and end agony.

At the same time, tightening with treatment causes frequent and stable pain, lameness, swelling of the joint. Progressive pathological changes in tissues deprive the joint of its general functionality. In a short time, in the absence of competent treatment, arthrosis quickly flows into a chronic form. Such results lead to continuous medical observation and regular treatment requirement of the disease during the exercise period.

To avoid consequences and complications with the first doubt of its development, you should contact medical experts. In the early stages of progression of the treatment of joints of joints of joints, a rheumatologist is engaged in treatment. In chronic form, this pathology is treated by an orthopedic tromatologist.

Types of arthrosis

This pathology of joints has many forms and varieties that differ in such criteria:Causes (primary and secondary forms);Stages of arthrosis (three stages of progress are classified);Localization of pathology (location of the expression of the disease and type of joint);Localization form (generalized and local forms);Course of disease (acute or chronic).

In place of expression of symptoms, hip, knee, cystic, elbow, shoulders, ankle, cervical arthrosis are distinguished.

According to etiologic signs, the deformity of primary nature is classified, without any condition, and without a secondary disease is developed itself. In the latter case, the damage to the joint is caused by the development of infectious diseases as a result of a progressive inflammatory process, hypothermia, injury or other factors, along with loss of adjacent tissues, mechanical disorders, physical functionality of the joint.

Classification as localization involves damage to local and generalized joints. In the first case, the disease and its symptoms cover a small part of the combined or its individual tissues and components. With a common form, multiple joints are affected or one of them with complete coverage of all combined tissues.

In different stages of the progression of the disease, a different degree of intensity appears. At the same time, symptoms and complications can be expressed bright, more or less dynamically leaking the process of destruction of fabric and impaired joint functionality.

Based on the course of arthrosis, they distinguish:>Acute size;Old form.

Acute form usually manifests with the increasing intensity and seriousness of the development of symptoms. Painful sensations appear more firmly, and morphological changes in tissues move more dynamic. In a chronic form, the course of the disease is gradually manifested, it is manifested by different signs, which occur from different -signs during the period and is practically not subject to treatment.

Degree of disease

During the disease, therapy distinguishes three stages that distinguish the signs of the disease, the intensity of damage and localization. At the same time, distinction in all three stages is related to the types of clothes that are suffering from pathological changes.The first degree of development of joints of joints is the initial stage of the disease. It is characterized by a minor lesion of cartilage tissue and the loss of physical functions in collagen fibers. At the same time, in the first stage, the slight morphological disorders of bone tissue and structural changes in the mucous fluid are noted. The cartilage of the joint is covered with cracks, the patient has little pain in place of localization of pathology.The second degree is the development of arthrosis with an increase in mobility. This phase is characterized by stable pain, the presence of Croma. Notable formula and dystrophic cartridges of cartilage are noted, during diagnosis, bone development is detected. Osteophytes are formed - bone growth that appears during a visual examination of the destruction site. At the same time, the sycophants capsules have processes of degenerative changes, causing its structural deficiency. In this phase, the disease can often grow and regular. The pain gradually becomes stable. The third degree is active progression. At this stage, the mucous fluid is almost completely absent due to its degeneration, and bone tissue is sudden about each other. The joint mobility is almost completely absent, the pain becomes more tangible. Cartilage tissue is also absent due to degenerative and atrophic changes. The treatment of the third degree of arthrosis of the joints is considered impractical.

In addition to these three degrees of development of pathology, there is a final stage - irreversible destruction of all combined tissues. In this phase, it is impossible not only to conduct productive therapy, but also to remove pain syndrome.

The inflammatory process usually begins with a second degree damage, in rare cases, in the absence of medical intervention - in the first stage. Subsequently, it becomes more difficult to stop, and this may lead to the development of pathogenic microflora in place of secondary deformity, localization of the disease.

To exclude severe consequences, treatment must begin with the first degree, and use intensive care methods. In the final stages associated with complete destruction of cartilage tissue, the patient is allowed only one functioning and immobility of the joint to ride from pain - endoprostatics with complete or partial replacement of components of the joint.

Ca duely

The causes can be primary and secondary factors. In older people, the disease can occur with mixed etiology, ie in the presence of primary and secondary causes. Their complex expression increases the course of arthrosis and reduces the dynamics of recovery.

Most of the main cause of this pathology is a violation of metabolism. Changed metabolic processes consist of morphological abnormalities in cartilage and mucus fluid. As a result, changes are related to the entire joint, and often accompany the origin of inflammatory local foci.

In addition to metabolic deformity, the reasons for the arthrosis of the joints:Painful damage to individual tissues or entire joint. This includes chaos, fracture, ligaments, breakdown of meniscus, penetrating wounds. The reason is more common in the people involved in the game, or whose activities are related to dangerous work conditions and physical exertion;An inflammatory process is a factor that often serves as a secondary cause. Inflammation usually develops in patients suffering from gout, psoriasis, rheumatic abnormalities, autoimmune pathology. The joints of the joint are subjected to patients at the stage of regeneration of infectious diseases, including tuberculosis, chlamydia, staphylococcus and other infectious diseases;Results of increased form of respiratory diseases - flu, acute respiratory viral infection, acute respiratory infection;Increase in the patient's body weight - with incompatible loads on the joints of their tissues, suffer continuously mechanical effects, which leads to morphological deviation and destruction of cartilage structure;Excessive hypothermia leads to the destruction of the integrity of cartilage tissue and the loss of the structure of the synovial fluid; Thyroid disease.

A separate place in etiology of arthrosis is a genetic factor. It is a genetic anomaly capable of provoking disorders of joint tissues dysplasia and collagen fibers, which is responsible for the flexibility and mobility of the joint.

At the same time, other concomitant factors are due to the development of this pathology: vitamin deficiency, drug addiction due to excessive overdose of intake-quality products or drugs, advanced age of the patient, blood-formation disease and blood flow, hormonal abnormalities, and diseases of the disruptive system of infection.

System of progression

When any reason that provokes the disease of the joint with arthrosis appears, pathological processes begin to develop in it. The mechanisms of their progress have not been fully studied, but the main stages of official medicine are known.

In the initial stage, there is an abnormal change in the structure of cartilage tissue and the synovial fluid. All this proceeds due to violations of metabolic processes in which joint tissues do not receive sufficient amounts of components, or some of them are deprived of.

Subsequently, the elasticity of collagen fibers and the flexibility of the cartilage is lost, due to the fact that in the body, with the lack of nutrients, there is no time to produce hyaluronic acid, which provides tenderness and flexibility of the structural structure of collagenic fibers. The cartilage slowly dries, becomes brittle and cracks. The liquid in the sycophantic capsule gradually decreases and later disappears completely.

On cartilage cloth, roughness, solid bone neoplasm is formed. At the same time, deformation of other combined tissue develops, loss of their pathological degeneration, disorders and physical activity.

For the patient, these changes mean pain, lameness and the presence of immobility of the joint.

Arthrosis symptoms

Signs of arthrosis of joints appear from its first degree, although they are never so clear. The characteristic events for all stages of arthrosis are:Pain syndrome;It seems crisp while walking;Inactivity or complete decrease in joint mobility;Swelling;Confirmation of the joint.

Pain>

Pain usually occurs during movement. With acute physical exertion, painful sensations accelerate and achieve a persistent trend. With all types of arthrosis, any place of localization, pain is sharp.

In the initial stage, the pain is weakly expressed, more often they appear during the day. The pain is usually small and reduces from comfort. With the intensive progression of chronic form and intense form of pain, the pain syndrome manifests itself more often, there is an increased period of expression, often even disturbed even when resting at night.